PSA Testing: What It Is and Who Should Have It

PSA stands for prostate-specific antigen. It is a protein produced by the prostate gland, and a simple blood test can measure its level. PSA testing is one of the most important tools available for the early detection of prostate cancer.

A raised PSA does not automatically mean cancer. PSA can be elevated by a number of benign conditions including prostate enlargement, prostatitis, and even vigorous exercise or sexual activity before the test. However, a significantly elevated or rising PSA level is a signal that should not be ignored.

When prostate cancer is caught early, before it has spread beyond the prostate, the chances of successful treatment are excellent. This is why PSA screening matters. Men who wait for symptoms often present at a more advanced stage, when treatment options are more limited.

Current guidance suggests that men should discuss PSA testing with their urologist from the age of 50, or earlier if they have a family history of prostate cancer or are of African descent, both of which increase risk. The decision to test should be made on an individual basis after a proper discussion of the benefits and limitations.

A single PSA result means very little in isolation. What matters more is the trend over time. If you have not had a PSA test, or if it has been more than a year since your last one, speak to your urologist.